Pan-African nationalist leader. Born Marcus Mosiah Garvey in St Ann's Bay, Jamaica. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association in 1914 to foster worldwide black unity, and moved its headquarters to New York City two years later. His intention was that people of African descent would settle in Liberia and form a modern black state. Liberia feared that he intended to rule the country and rejected his plans. In 1925 he was convicted of fraud and deported back to Jamaica. He moved to rented accommodation at 53 Talgarth Road, Hammersmith, in 1935. At home recovering from a stroke he read in a newspaper his own premature, and uncomplimentary, obituary. He died shortly after.
Married Amy Ashwood in 1919, but the marriage was short-lived. In 1922 he married Amy E. Jacques, his first wife's chief bridesmaid. The same-name wives may have been convenient for him but they make the researcher's life rather difficult.
Garvey lived in London 1912-14. During that time he studied at Birkbeck College, spoke at Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park, and engaged with other pan-Africanists. On his return to Jamaica in 1914, he established the UNIA and African Communities League. In 1935, Garvey relocated to London, where he died in 1940. He was buried in Kensal Green. In 1964, his remains were moved to the National Heroes Park in Kingston, Jamaica.
Credit for this entry to: Alan Patient of www.plaquesoflondon.co.uk
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