Place    From 1196  To 3/11/1783

Tyburn tree

Categories: Execution, Law, Tragedy

The first recorded execution here was the hanging of the champion of London's poor, William Fitz Osbern in 1196. Back then there may have been a real tree but in 1571 the 'Tyburn Tree' was erected. This was a triangular structure, which enabled multiple hangings to take place simultaneously: 24 on one occasion. Its first victim was Dr John Story, a Roman Catholic who refused to recognise Queen Elizabeth I. In 1661 the restored Charles II ordered Cromwell, along with Ireton, Pride and Bradshaw, to be hanged here, all four having been dead and buried for some time. After several hours Cromwell's body was decapitated and put in a lime-pit here (or not, see Cromwell's body). The scaffold was last used in 1783 for the hanging of the highwayman John Austin. Many of its victims came from Newgate Prison and were paraded through jeering/cheering crowds across the City, St Giles and Oxford Street. The hangings were popular spectacles as shown in Hogarth's 1747 print "The Idle 'Prentice Executed at Tyburn". Our picture is a detail of this, showing the triangular scaffold in the background.

2016: An article in Apollo reported on a new artwork in the Catholic Westminster Cathedral. This has been created as a memorial for the Tyburn martyrs, with their names in flaming clouds on the ceiling. A text reads “Two miles beyond this wall our martyrs gave their lives for the faith 1535 - 1681.” (Actually Google Maps gives the walking distance from the Cathedral to the Tyburn Stone at Marble Arch as 1.7 miles and it would be even shorter as a straight line.) When jokes are made about recent tragedies a response is sometimes “too soon”. We suggest another phrase, “too long”, to question the wisdom of keeping resentment alive for too long a time.

On the wall behind the text is a symbol: a square containing a "Y" whose arms reach the top two corners of the square. This symbol also appears on the Tyburn Tree plaque at the Convent so we guess it belongs to a group dedicated to commemorating the Tyburn martyrs but we don't know the name of the organisation.

For the nautical equivalent see Execution Dock.

There was a York Tyburn - named for the one in London.

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This section lists the memorials where the subject on this page is commemorated:
Tyburn tree

Commemorated ati

Tyburn Convent - green

105 Catholic martyrs lost their lives at the Tyburn gallows near this site, 1...

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Tyburn Convent - relief

There is a better picture at Flickr - we're not proud. Note the Tyburn tree ...

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Tyburn Convent - Tyburn Tree

{Top left is a ‘logo’ for the Tyburn Tree:} Tyburn Tree The circular stone ...

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Tyburn Stone

We could not read most of the inscription on the stone but found it at San Fr...

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Tyburn tree - pavement plaque

2 October 2014: The plaque was restored but we have kept our picture so you c...

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Other Subjects

Thomas Bowyer

Thomas Bowyer

Burnt at the stake in Bow (or possibly Stratford) for his Protestant beliefs.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial
Colonel Algernon Sidney

Colonel Algernon Sidney

Opponent of King Charles II.  Born Baynard's Castle.  Exiled in Rome.  Returned in 1677 and was implicated in the Rye House Plot.  Beheaded on Tower Hill.

Person, Armed Forces, Execution, Politics & Administration, Italy

1 memorial
Sebastian Newdigate

Sebastian Newdigate

Monk at London Charterhouse.  Newdigate was a personal friend of Henry VIII. The king visited him twice in prison but Newdigate refused to change his views. Executed at Tyburn.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial
Captain Charles Algernon Fryatt

Captain Charles Algernon Fryatt

Master mariner.  Born Southampton.  From Hellfire Corner : Captain of the Great Eastern Railway Company's steamer Brussels, he in utter defiance of the Germans continued to work the Rotterdam-Briti...

Person, Commerce, Execution

War dead, WW1
2 memorials
John Derifall

John Derifall

Burnt at the stake in Bow (or possibly Stratford) for his Protestant beliefs.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial

Previously viewed

John Wesley

John Wesley

Founder of the Methodist denomination of the Protestant religion. Born Epworth rectory, near Lincoln. Was a Church of England clergyman and at Whitsuntide, May 1738, 3 days after his brother, Charl...

Person, Religion, Seriously Famous

13 memorials
Robert Shaw

Robert Shaw

Chairman Silver Jubilee Walkway Trust.

Person, Politics & Administration

2 memorials
Italo Svevo

Italo Svevo

Businessman and author. Born in Trieste (then part of Austria-Hungary) as Aron Ettore Schmitz. The pseudonym translates as 'Swabian Italian', but as the only definitions of Swabian relate to places...

Person, Commerce, Literature, Austria, Hungary, Italy

1 memorial
Kevin Davis

Kevin Davis

Probably a gardener working for Tower Hamlets in the 1990s, who died young. Our colleague Andrew Behan had had a shot at identifying this man. While not conclusive we think this is probably correc...

Person, Gardens / Agriculture

1 memorial
Serjeant Ernest Harry Hann

Serjeant Ernest Harry Hann

Ernest Harry Hann was the fourth of the nine children of Harry Hann (1860-1903) and Harriet Annie Hann née Smith (1859-1923). His birth was registered in the 4th quarter of 1886 in the Islington re...

Person, Armed Forces, France

War dead, WW1
1 memorial